Why GST was introduced?
Due to the various problems regarding our old taxation system, like double taxation, higher burden on the consumers, and various procedural requirements at the various levels , the government of India has decided to abolish all that multiple tax requirements and has introduced a single taxation system for all the indirect taxes known as Good and Service Tax.
What is GST ?
Goods and services tax is a tax on the supply of goods and services, or both. The few exceptions being
- Supply of alcoholic liquor for human consumption.
- Petroleum
- Tobacco
GST is destination based consumption tax i.e. tax would accrue to the state in which goods or services are finally consumed. GST having a dual tax structure both centre and state will have the power to levy tax on local supply of goods and services. GST is an integrated tax and has subsumed various indirect taxes in itself like VAT, Service Tax,etc.
What is VAT?
Value Added Tax (VAT) is an indirect value added tax which was introduced into Indian taxation system on April 1, 2005. As a taxation concept, VAT replaced Sales Tax. VAT was introduced in Inida to make it a single integrated market. On June 2, 2014, VAT was implemented in all states and union territories of India, except Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep Islands.
What were the problems regarding VAT?
The various ills of VAT taxation system which paved a way for the introduction of GST - one nation one tax are:
- Cascading effect of taxes
- No ITC on services rendered
- Different VAT laws in every state
- Inter state tax credit was not possible to be claimed
What were the challenges before the GST
- Legacy issues which will use resources.
- Non Harmonization of Tax rates.
- Lack of Procedural Manuals.
- Double Registration- Handling old Registration.
- Poor Quality of tax Returns.
- No existing system for 100% scrutiny of Tax Returns and Audit.
- Lack of Cross Verifications with other tax administrations.
- Lack of mechanism to control Evasion.
How GST has come out to be a solution?
GST has been designed as a one comprehensive, destination-based taxation concept. It aims to streamline the process for tax levy, collection and monitoring and overcome the cascading effect of taxation. There may be also revenue gain for the Centre and states due to widening of the tax base, increase in trade volumes and improved tax compliance.
| S No |
Particulars |
Old VAT/ Indirect Tax System |
New GST Model |
| 1 |
Nature of Tax |
Based on Origin or value addition |
Destination based tax on final consumption |
| 2 |
Central Taxes Subsumed |
Central Excise
Additional Duty of Customs
Service Tax |
CGST |
| 3 |
State Taxes Subsumed |
VAT
Purchase Tax
Entertainment TAx
Luxury Tax
Lottery Taxes
State Cess and Surcharge
Entry Tax |
SGST |
| 4 |
Custom Duties Replaced |
Basic custom duty
Additional Duty of Customs
Special Additional Duty of Customs
Cess |
BCD
IGST |
| 5 |
Inter State Taxes Replaced |
Excise Duty
Central Sales Tax
Service Tax |
IGST |
| 6 |
Intra State Taxes Replaced |
Excise Duty
State VAT
Service Tax |
CGST
SGST |
| 7 |
Taxation event |
Tax is levied on manufacture, sale/completion of provision of services |
Supply of Goods and Services |
A brief comparison between GST and VAT
| S No |
Particulars |
Old VAT/ Indirect Tax System |
New GST Model |
| 1 |
Taxation Point |
Sale of Goods |
Supply of Goods and Services |
| 2 |
Applicability |
On goods only |
Both on Goods and Services |
| 3 |
Registration Threshold |
Compulsory if turnover exceeds Rs 10 lakhs |
Compulsory of turnover exceeds Rs 40 lakhs |
| 4 |
Collection of revenue |
By selling state |
GST is a destination or consumption based tax hence ultimate buying state |
| 5 |
Interstate tax credit |
Not available (CENVAT applicable) |
Can be taken |
| 6 |
Compliances required |
Multiple compliances and registrations |
Compliance procedure has been streamlined |
| 7 |
Cascading effect |
VAT was levied on value addition on each stage, hence resulted in double taxation in some cases. |
The ill of Tax on Tax has been eradicated with the introduction of GST |
| 8 |
Online Payment |
Online tax payment was not mandatory |
It is necessary to make online payment of GST |
How tax is calculated under GST and VAT?
A lot is talked about removal of double taxation with the introduction of GST. Let us understand how calculation under both the systems of GST and VAT are done
Example
| Particulars |
Tax Applicable |
Tax Rate |
Taxable Value |
Tax Calculated |
Total Amount |
| Tax Implications under VAT |
| Price of manufactured goods |
Excise Duty |
12.5% |
10,000 |
1,250 |
11,250 |
| Sale of goods |
VAT |
14.5% |
11,250 |
1,631 |
12,881 |
| Total Amount Payable |
|
|
2,881 |
12,881 |
| Tax Implications under GST |
| Consumption of goods |
CGST |
9% |
10,000 |
900 |
10,900 |
| Consumption of goods |
SGST |
9% |
10,000 |
900 |
10,900 |
| Total Amount Payable |
|
|
1,800 |
11,800 |
