Budget 2024 Update
FM Nirmala Sitharaman has made two announcements for those opting for the new tax regime.
First, the standard deduction for salaried employees is proposed to be increased from Rs 50,000/- to Rs 75,000/-. Similarly, deduction on family pension for pensioners is proposed to be enhanced from Rs 15,000/- to Rs 25,000/-.
Second, in the new tax regime, the tax rate structure is proposed to be revised, as follows:
- 0-3 lakh rupees - NIL tax
- 3-7 lakh rupees - 5% tax
- 7-10 lakh rupees - 10% tax
- 10-12 lakh rupees - 15% tax
- 12-15 lakh rupees - 20% tax
- Above 15 lakh rupees - 30% tax
As a result of these changes, a salaried employee in the new tax regime stands to save up to Rs 17,500/- in income tax.
What is Leave Encashment?
Leave encashment meaning, compensation or payment made in return for unused leaves. Employees can encash their accumulated leave at any moment during their employment while retiring or continuing to work, while leaving the organization, or as per the organization's policy. Private organizations mostly depend on the employer, as some organizations reimburse employees for unused leaves in the next calendar year. On the other hand, some employers allow employees to carry over their unused vacation time from one year to the next. At the time of leaving the job, the company pays for any unused paid leaves.
What are the types of Leaves?
The leaves provided are categorized as paid and unpaid leaves.
| Types of Leaves |
Description |
| 1. Casual Leave |
This type of leave is most commonly availed by the employee. This leave can be taken for a maximum of seven days. However, it depends on the guidelines provided by the employer for each organization may vary. The employee has to inform the employer beforehand about the casual leave to be taken and mention the number of days or duration of the leave. It will be considered for leave encashment if it is allowed to be carried forward as per the company’s policy. |
| 2. Privilege Leave |
The employee can get this leave by providing prior information about the leave to the employer. The leave is paid and is sanctioned by the employer. If the employee does not avail of this leave, they can accumulate and encash them later. However, each organization has its own set of regulations regarding privileged leave and its encashment. |
| 3. Medical Leave |
Employees take this leave if they are sick and cannot work in normal conditions. They have to inform the employer to avail leave. The number of medical leaves granted to the employee depends on each organization; such leaves are paid. As this leave is a kind of emergency leave, no prior information is mandatory before the leave from the employee to the employer. At the same time, the employee has to provide a valid medical certificate to the employer if they have taken it for a longer period of time. This cannot be considered for leave encashment. |
| 4. Maternity Leave |
It is provided to pregnant female employees during their employment period. The leave is paid from 12 weeks up to 26 weeks of pregnancy. The employer also gives a Longer extension period until the next 16 months, but that leave period is unpaid. Deductions are not made from the leave salary account during the leave period. This cannot be considered for leave encashment |
| 5. Quarantine Leave |
If there is an outcome of any infectious disease in the family or the neighbourhood of any employee, the employee can avail of quarantine leave. Granting this leave can prevent other employees from getting infected by the disease. This cannot be considered for leave encashment. |
| 6. Sabbatical Leave |
This leave is granted to employees willing to expand their knowledge by adopting various relevant institutional courses. They can adopt any specialized training or workshop relevant to their working field and can also take university admissions for long-term courses. These leaves are paid for a period of time as decided by the organization. This cannot be considered for leave encashment. |
| 7. Paternity Leave |
This leave is especially available for employees who become fathers. However, only government employees may avail of paternal leave benefits in India. The parent employee can be granted 15 days of leave before or after the birth of a child. The leave can also be availed up to 6 months from the child’s birth. This cannot be considered for leave encashment. |
| 8. Holidays |
Holiday leaves are paid leaves, and there is no deduction from the salary account of the employees. Holidays include national holidays, festivals, and weekly off. Employees working in all sectors enjoy these holiday leaves. These are considered for leave encashment. |
| 9. Half-pay Leave |
This leave can be availed only by employees working in government organizations. Once employees complete their one year in the organization, they can avail of half-pay leaves as and when required. In this leave, the employee receives a half day's salary during their leave period. The inclusion of these during leave encashment depends upon the government. organization |
What is the process of Leave Encashment?
Salaried government and private sector employees get nearly equal work benefits regarding their pay scale, tax deductions, and leaves. The employee is subjected to pay income tax if their annual income exceeds the limit as advised by the income tax department. The employer deducts some amount from the employee’s salary account and deposits that amount in the provident fund (PF) account. The provident funds are accessible for employees throughout their employment and after retirement.
The employer also offers employees incentives and allowances like travel, food, and accommodation during their employment period. The organization provides insurance policies for employees to claim during health emergencies and use the mature amount after retirement. However, an employee can carry forward their leaves if not used in the year and can later ask for encashment on behalf of the leaves untaken. This process is known as leave encashment, and every employee can get its benefits.
Taxation of Leave Encashment
Leave Encashment During the Employment Period
Any employee demanding leave encashment for their unused paid leave during their employment period is taxable as it is considered income from salary. In this case, the employee can get tax relief under Section 89. As per Section 89, the employee can claim tax relief from the amount received through the leave encashment process.
To get tax relief for leave encashment, the employee should fill out form 10E. This form is available on the e-portal of the income tax department and, once filled, can be submitted online.
Leave Encashment After Retirement or Resignation
At the time of retirement or resignation, the employee can avail of encashment through their accumulated paid leave. However, various conditions depend upon the type of organization in which the employee has worked.
- When the employee has worked in the central or state government organization, they can fully claim for their paid leave encashment, with full exemption from tax.
- In the case of an employee's death before the leave encashment, their legal heirs can receive total leave encashment on behalf of the deceased. No income tax will be charged on the amount they receive.
- Employees working in the private sector or non-government sector can receive paid leave encashment at the time of retirement or resignation. The maximum tax exemption amount was Rs 3,00,000, increased to INR 25,00,000 in the New finance budget 2023 for the leave encashment otherwise, the amount exceeding this value is taxable. The leave encashment calculation of exempt leave encashment is as per Section 10(10AA).
Leave Encashment Exemption Under Section 10(10AA)
Taxability and exemption related to leave encashment can be understood as:-
Any Amount Received as Leave Encashment during employment,
then the amount received will totally be taxable in all forms. But according to Section 89 Income Tax Act, the employee can claim tax relief from their leave encashment amount.
Any Amount Received as Leave Encashment at the time of retirement
then Any Leave Encashment amount received by an employee of the Central Government or a State Government shall be fully exempt. Any Leave Encashment amount received by the employee (other than mentioned above) shall be exempt up to a certain amount, i.e., The average salary of 10 months. The salary includes basic salary and dearness allowances. Also, the commission received is considered. The salary of 10 months considered is based on the salary received during the 10 months preceding their retirement or resignation.
Note 1:-
Even if the Non-Govt. employee has accumulated a number of leaves in a year; as per the Provision Of Income Tax Act, the department will consider only a maximum of 30 days of leave for a year for the leave encashment Calculation of the exempted amount. According to it, the total number of paid leaves will be calculated altogether during the retirement or resignation, and then encashment will be processed further.
Note 2:-
The legal heirs of deceased employees at the time of leave encashment can receive the amount without any form of tax deduction from the amount.
Note 3:-
In case of resignation or termination, government and non-government employees are held to pay the tax on the amount received from paid leave encashment because the amount at the time is considered income from salary by the income tax department. The rate of tax to be paid is applied the same as during income tax on salary.
How to calculate leave encashment?
Leave encashment received by govt employees is tax-free. Leave encashment received by private employees are a minimum of the following:
- Amount received as leave encashment
- The maximum amount stated by the government, i.e., 25,00,000
- last 10 months of basic salary and DA
- Salary per day*unutilised leave (consider a maximum of 30 days leave per year) for every year of completed service
Example of the Leave Encashment
To make it easier to understand, here is an illustration:
Mohan has retired from the organization after serving for a period of 20 years. He was entitled to 32 days of paid leave in a year. But he exhausted 275 leaves and left with 365 days of leave. He draws a basic salary + D.A. INR 30000 per month at retirement. He received a leave encashment of INR 365000 (365*1000).
| Description |
Amount (INR) |
| Leave encashment amount received |
3365000 (365*1000) |
| Exemption under section 10(10AA) |
|
i) Average Salary of 10 months
ii) 30 leaves per year allowed
iii) Maximum Allowed
Lower of all (Exempt Amount)
|
300,000
600,000
2,500,000
300,000
|
| Taxable leave encashment (Actual - Exempt) |
= (365,000-300,000)= 65,000 |
So, the taxable leave encashment is INR 65,000.
The last date to file your ITR is approaching, so it's best to file Income Tax Return well before the deadline. If you need assistance, our expert online CAs can help you file your return accurately and maximize your refund. Book your eCA now!
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