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In order to overcome this situation the Government of India has introduced the program known as Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY). The program was introduced on 25th December 2000 with the aim to create best accessible roads to non-connected rural areas. This program is totally funded by central government with 50% cess on the high speed diesel is designated for the program. Under the PMGSY program the target is to accomplish total rural connectivity through all-weather accessible roads by the year 2019. The program is accelerated through quick implementations on the targets that can be achieved as early as possible. There have been advancements in the allocation of funds from financial year 2015-16. More than 29000 villages are connected through roads during the year 2015 to 2017 under this program.
There are certain defined guidelines provided in this PMGSY which are essential for the proper execution of the program. They are
According to these targets the implementation of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana is done. But a proper planning is essential for its right implementation considering cost effectively and also completion of work within time. Let’s see what are the planning steps required for the accurate execution of this program.
Post approval of the plan the amount of funding which is required for the construction and Upgradation work is allocated under the program guidelines. The estimation of cost required for the construction is then allocated by the central government towards every state. The state authorities distribute funds as per the district’s core network plan. 80% of the funds are allocated for the construction of all-weather roads connecting habitations. The remaining 20% of the funds are allocated for the Upgradation work under this program. The funds are imparted to the ministry, national rural roads development agency and state level agency. Every year the funds will be allocated according to the district wise requirement for the construction of roads under this program.
Roads which are undertaken already under this program will be excluded from the current estimate and while preparing district wise funds allocation. Extra allocation up to 5% of the total annual allocation from diesel cess share will be made for districts which share border with Pakistan, China, Myanmar, Nepal and Bangladesh. It will also be made for extremely backward districts, tribal districts, left wing extremists’ areas and research and development projects or innovations. The roads which are proposed for construction under this program are selected according to the comprehensive new connectivity priority lists prepared at district level in each state. Upgradation and maintenance work is also done through priority lists.
The road construction work is divided as area wise in the district and contractors working in relevant field are allowed to take up the work. The state government conducts open bidding system i.e. tenders for the execution of this program. Contractors who are eligible can purchase these tenders and complete the construction within the time prescribed by state government and within the budget. In order to improve transparency in the tendering process, the state government has introduced e procurement tender system which is available through online e portal.
In the case when a contractor delays the road construction work then they will be liable for the payment of liquidated damages during the work completion period. The contractor is responsible to test the work quality and quality of material used for the work. State government appoints independent officials to check work quality. Central government also appoints independent national quality monitors to check the quality of construction done by these contractors. On completion of road the citizens information board is displayed on the road by the executors.
The PMGSY program has a target of achieving construction of 2.23 lakh kilometers roads by the year 2019. The funds allocation has been increased to Rs 19,000 crores from Rs 14,200 crores. Previously the daily speed of road construction was 73.5 kms but now it’s increased to 100 kms a day.
The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana is definitely a good approach towards development of infrastructure in our country. Rural roads are important for both social and economic growth of population living in rural areas. Due to core network connectivity between habitations it is quite helpful for people to avail emergency services from other areas too. Exchange of services like healthcare, education and market are possible through this core network of roads. The roads built under this program have resistance to all weather conditions and also have less maintenance. Further this core network connectivity is attached to state highways which allow farmers from rural areas to send their agriculture produce to urban markets. There is a rise in the income and economic development of the rural population due to better road connectivity. Altogether programs like PMGSY contribute in achieving overall development of our nation.
The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched in December 2000 by the central government. The main objective of the program is to serve better connectivity of all-weather roads to non-connected rural habitations. Non-connected habitations having a population of more than 250 will be eligible for this program.
The eligibility for this program is for the habitations having a population of 250 and more. Village is not considered for the selection criteria while implementing this program. A habitation is a group of population living in the 500 meter radius which is considered for the all-weather road construction. All habitations present within 10 kms of path distance are considered as a cluster. In the case of habitations living in hilly areas the habitations between path distances of 1.5 kms will be considered as a cluster.
Panchayat officials along with villagers and district officials create a core network plan by surveying non-connected habitations. The habitations will be selected on a priority basis. Such as considering traffic flow, services like healthcare and education will be considered for prioritization. District officials will further send this plan for approvals from authorities. Once approved the roads will be constructed under PMGSY.
A single road will be constructed which will be all-weather. It means that the road will be able to withstand all weather conditions. Cross drainage system and culverts will be added while constructing the road solving the problem of drainage flow. Constructed roads passing through residential area will be accompanied by concrete pavement which will help to avoid household waste to accumulate on the road. Once the road is constructed the maintenance will be carried every five years panchayat raj institutions will be responsible for the maintenance of these roads. Upgradation will also be done to the roads which are previously constructed under this program.
The contractor will be responsible for the construction of roads under this program. The tendering system will be provided from the state government. Contractors having good work experience in relevant field will be eligible to get the tender. The tendering system is done online through e portal. The contractor should execute the road construction work in given time and within budget. In case of any defects in roads in next five years the contractor will be responsible for the rectification of it.
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